A few years ago, I saw my first braille PC on a commuter train in the Philadelphia suburbs: a BrailleNote note-taker, consisting of a line of Braille display (32 Braille cells, each with eight pins that were raised or lowered by a tiny actuator) and nine keys. It was fascinating to watch it in use, for while I spend plenty of time typing-- physically connected to a computer-- I tend not to notice it (I'm a fast touch-typist), and like many people, think more of the experience of using a computer as a visual thing. An interface that was entirely touch-based, and required you use your hands for reading and writing, seemed like something profoundly different.
Braille displays have traditionally been complex and expensive. So it's notable that Toyko University scientists have created a light-weight, flexible braille display sheet using organic transistors:
Two research groups at the University of Tokyo have succeeded in jointly developing a braille display sheet using organic transistors. The technology uses organic transistors formed on a flexible substrate to drive actuators made of polymer materials. The research groups claim this is the world's first case to be successful in driving a display using both organic transistors and actuators formed on a single substrate.
Putting them both on a single substrate will, I'm guessing, mean lower cost and greater reliability.
Beyond the technical elegance of the organic transistor Braille display, it's notable for another reason: as one article notes, the phenomenon of information or communication "technology developed by or for disabled people migrating into widespread use" is well-established, and goes back to the invention of the typewriter:
Ninety years before [Herman] Hollerith founded IBM, Italian Pellegrino Turri fell in love with blind countess Carolina Fantoni. Wanting to help his lover write legible letters to him, he built her the first typewriter.
Communication then leapt off the page. In Boston, Alexander Graham Bell's 1876 patent for the telephone grew out of his work with the deaf and, a year later, Thomas Edison filed a patent for the phonograph. He listed 10 possible uses for his invention; music was fourth, behind phonograph books in second place "which will speak to blind people without effort on their part."
Braille displays, in other words, are an early example of the tangible displays that we're all eventually going to be using in situations where our eyes are otherwise occupied but our hands (or other body parts) can be used to absorb information.
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